How much does foundation repair cost?
Foundation quotes vary five-fold, and the labor rate is not why. The highest of the 224 state averages the Census publishes for these six trades, anywhere in the country, is $188.88 a field hour. Your scope has no ceiling at all, and that is where the money goes. Enter your quote and see what it is really charging for the people on your property.
Typical range $7,411 – $12,970
- Crew time, overhead and profit$5,623
- Materials and subcontracted work$3,641
- Total$9,264
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§ 02 The return
The billed rates, the wages and the cost mixes are measured from the 2022 Economic Census, in 2025 dollars. The prevalence figures are computed from American Housing Survey microdata with the survey's replicate weights. The scope, meaning the crew size and the days on site, is not sourced and cannot be: it is the number you must get from a structural engineer, and it is what decides your bill.
Where the money goes
By the numbers
- There is no NAICS code for foundation repair, and we checked properly this time: the 2022 NAICS index has 20,398 entries and the phrase appears in none of them.
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The government files the work by METHOD, and the methods live in six different industries. Verbatim from the index: helical piers under SITE PREPARATION contractors (238910), underpinning and shoring under ALL OTHER SPECIALTY TRADE (238990), urethane slabjacking and epoxy injection under OTHER FOUNDATION, STRUCTURE AND BUILDING EXTERIOR (238190), foundation dampproofing and waterproofing under BUILDING FINISHING (238390) next to the caulkers, rebuilt footings and concrete repair under POURED CONCRETE (238110), and block or stone walls under MASONRY (238140). - The neatest proof that the classification follows the MATERIAL rather than your problem: a sunken slab.
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Lift it by pumping urethane foam underneath and the NAICS index calls you a 'Urethane slabjacking contractor' (238190, billing $111.58 a field hour). Lift the same slab the same inch by pumping a cement slurry underneath and the index calls you a 'Mud-jacking contractor' and files you under poured concrete (238110, billing $100.03). Same job, same outcome, $11.55 an hour apart, because of what is in the hose. - Nationally the six trades bill within 1.20x of each other: $97.27 a field hour for masonry, $100.03 for poured concrete, $111.58 for slabjacking, $115.11 for waterproofing, $115.72 for underpinning, $117.15 for piers. All measured from the 2022 Economic Census, in 2025 dollars.
- But do NOT read that 1.20x as a limit on what two contractors can charge you, and we originally did, which was a fallacy of division.
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Those are six national averages. Go to state level in the same Census file and a SINGLE trade's billed rate spans 2.0x to 2.8x across the country. Pooled across all six trades and all states, the observed range is $60.38 to $188.88 a field hour, a 3.13x spread, and those are still averages of firms rather than firms. - What that does give you is a CEILING, and it is the useful thing here, as long as you know what kind of ceiling it is.
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$188.88 a field hour is the highest billed rate the Economic Census PUBLISHES for any of these six trades in any state. Read that precisely, because we first wrote it as a universal and it is not one: the Census publishes 224 of the 306 possible state-by-trade cells and suppresses the rest, and $188.88 comes from slabjacking, which is the trade with the fewest published states of the six (14 of 51). A higher state average could be sitting behind a suppression and we would not be able to see it. What we can defend is the highest figure the Census publishes, not the highest that exists. Scope, by contrast, is bounded by nothing and measured by nobody. So if your quote implies $379 a field hour, the excess over that ceiling is not the price of labor, and nobody has told you what it is. - American Housing Survey 2023: 5.3% of American HOUSES have holes, open cracks or crumbling in the foundation.
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That is 5.6 million of them. Note the denominator: the survey skips the whole exterior-condition module for every unit in a building of two or more apartments, so the answering universe is 106.2 million of the 145.3 million US housing units. Measured against all housing units the figure is 3.9%. We first published this as '5.3% of US homes', which was a unit-of-analysis error. 4 more
- The age of the house predicts foundation trouble far better than the foundation does. 10.0% of pre-1950 houses have foundation cracks or crumbling, against 6.4% of 1950s and 60s houses, 4.7% of 1970s and 80s, 3.3% of 1990-2009, and 2.4% of houses built since 2010.
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A four-fold gradient. - The crawl-space scare is mostly an age artefact, and it is the trap this page exists to spring.
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Raw, crawl spaces look far worse than slabs: 6.8% against 4.4%. But crawl-space houses are older, with a median build year of 1970 against 1980 for slabs and 16.6 years between them on the mean. Standardise both onto a common age mix and the gap falls from 2.4 points to 1.0, which is barely significant (z = +2.00, p = 0.046). About 60% of the raw gap is simply that crawl-space houses are older, although the survey's own error bars put that share anywhere between 33% and 87%, so we will not pretend to more precision than that. - The firm billing $117.15 a field hour for pier work pays the person doing it $35.07.
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A 3.34x markup, measured, and it is the ordinary economics of a trade with equipment, insurance for undermining somebody's house, and a truck: not evidence that anyone is being gouged. - Nothing on this page, and nothing on any page, can tell you how many piers your house needs.
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That is a structural engineering question. Hire an engineer who is NOT also selling you the repair, get the scope in writing, and take that scope to the contractors. Here is the arithmetic behind the advice: the rate is bounded and measurable, and the scope is neither. Whoever decides the scope decides the bill, and right now that person is the man who profits from its size.
- The age of the house predicts foundation trouble far better than the foundation does. 10.0% of pre-1950 houses have foundation cracks or crumbling, against 6.4% of 1950s and 60s houses, 4.7% of 1970s and 80s, 3.3% of 1990-2009, and 2.4% of houses built since 2010.
What is sourced here, and what is ours. The billed rates are sourced and they are the
spine of the page: the Economic Census records what each of the six trades takes in for construction work and the
field hours behind it, so we can compute what an hour of crew time on your property bills at, net of materials and
subcontracting. The cost mix comes from the same place, and so does the wage, which is how we can tell you that the
firm billing $117.15 an hour is paying the man in the trench $35.07.More
Where every number above comes from
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US Census
US Census Bureau, American Housing Survey 2023 National PUF (foundation condition, foundation type and year built, with 160 replicate weights)
www2.census.gov -
US Census
US Census Bureau, AHS 2023 Items Booklet (the foundation question wording, and the list of 37 improvement job types that does not include foundations)
www2.census.gov -
US Census
US Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census, EC2223BASIC (the billed rates, wages and cost mixes of the six trades, nationally and by state)
www2.census.gov -
US Census
US Census Bureau, 2022 NAICS index file (which shows helical piers, underpinning, slabjacking and mudjacking landing in four different industries)
census.gov -
BEA, residential improvements price index (deflator)
fred.stlouisfed.org
What this assumes, and where it could be wrong
Every one of these is a place the number could be off. They are here because you should be able to check our working, not because we are hedging.
